Reference

Glossary

The Sinhala and Pali terms used across this archive, with their script forms and meanings.

A

Amuna අමුණ amuṇa
A weir or diversion dam built across a river to feed a canal. Distinct from a tank: it diverts flow rather than storing it.

B

Bisokotuwa බිසෝකොටුව bisōkoṭuva
The valve pit built into a reservoir bund to regulate outflow under pressure. It allowed water to be drawn from a tank without the escaping flow damaging the embankment, and is among the distinctive engineering contributions of the island's hydraulic tradition.

E

Ela ඇළ æla
A canal or channel. The Yoda Ela, running some 87 kilometres from Kala Wewa to Anuradhapura at a gradient of a few centimetres per kilometre, is the best-known example.

K

Kanna කන්නය kannaya
A cultivation season. Maha follows the north-east monsoon from around October; Yala is the shorter and drier season from around April.

W

Wewa වැව væva
A reservoir or tank. The basic unit of the dry-zone irrigation system, ranging from a village pond of a few hectares to the great royal reservoirs of tens of square kilometres.

Y

Yaya යාය yāya
A tract of paddy land served by a single tank or channel, cultivated on a shared schedule agreed among its farmers.